Any pharmacological substance which is not addressed by any of the subsequent sections of the List and with no current approval by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use (e.g. drugs under pre-clinical or clinical development or discontinued, designer drugs, substances approved only for veterinary use) is prohibited at all times.
S0 NON-APPROVED SUBSTANCES
All prohibited substances in this class are Specified Substances.
S1 ANABOLIC AGENTS
All prohibited substances in this class are non-Specified Substances.
Anabolic agents are prohibited.
1. ANABOLIC ANDROGENIC STEROIDS (AAS)
When administered exogenously, including but not limited to:
- 1-Androstenediol (5α-androst-1-ene-3β,17β-diol)
- 1-Androstenedione (5α-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione)
- 1-Androsterone (3α-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-ene-17-one)
- 1-Epiandrosterone (3β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-ene-17-one)
- 1-Testosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-3-one)
- 4-Androstenediol (androst-4-ene-3β,17β-diol)
- 4-Hydroxytestosterone (4,17β-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one)
- 5-Androstenedione (androst-5-ene-3,17-dione)
- 7α-hydroxy-DHEA
- 7β-hydroxy-DHEA
- 7-Keto-DHEA
- 19-Norandrostenediol (estr-4-ene-3,17-diol)
- 19-Norandrostenedione (estr-4-ene-3,17-dione)
- Androstanolone (5α-dihydrotestosterone, 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one)
- Androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol)
- Androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione)
- Bolasterone
- Boldenone
- Boldione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione)
- Calusterone
- Clostebol
- Danazol ([1,2]oxazolo[4',5':2,3]pregna-4-en-20-yn-17α-ol)
- Dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (4-chloro-17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one)
- Desoxymethyltestosterone (17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol and 17α-methyl-5α-androst-3-en-17β-ol)
- Drostanolone
- Epiandrosterone (3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one)
- Epi-dihydrotestosterone (17β-hydroxy-5β-androstan-3-one)
- Epitestosterone
- Ethylestrenol (19-norpregna-4-en-17α-ol)
- Fluoxymesterone
- Formebolone
- Furazabol (17α-methyl [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3',4':2,3]-5α-androstan-17β-ol)
- Gestrinone
- Mestanolone
- Mesterolone
- Metandienone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one)
- Metenolone
- Methandriol
- Methasterone (17β-hydroxy-2α,17α-dimethyl-5α-androstan-3-one)
- Methyl-1-testosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androst-1-en-3-one)
- Methylclostebol
- Methyldienolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9-dien-3-one)
- Methylnortestosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestr-4-en-3-one)
- Methyltestosterone
- Metribolone (methyltrienolone, 17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one)
- Mibolerone
- Nandrolone (19-nortestosterone)
- Norboletone
- Norclostebol (4-chloro-17β-ol-estr-4-en-3-one)
- Norethandrolone
- Oxabolone
- Oxandrolone
- Oxymesterone
- Oxymetholone
- Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA, 3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one)
- Prostanozol (17β-[(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxy]-1'H-pyrazolo[3,4:2,3]-5α-androstane)
- Quinbolone
- Stanozolol
- Stenbolone
- Testosterone
- Tetrahydrogestrinone (17-hydroxy-18a-homo-19-nor-17α-pregna-4,9,11-trien-3-one)
- Trenbolone (17β-hydroxyestr-4,9,11-trien-3-one)
and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).
2. OTHER ANABOLIC AGENTS
Including, but not limited to:
- clenbuterol;
- selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs, e.g. andarine, LGD-4033 (ligandrol), enobosarm (ostarine) and RAD140);
- tibolone;
- zeranol;
- zilpaterol.
S2PEPTIDE HORMONES, GROWTH FACTORS, RELATED SUBSTANCES, AND MIMETICS
All prohibited substances in this class are non-Specified Substances.
The following substances, and other substances with similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s), are prohibited.
1. ERYTHROPOIETINS (EPO) AND AGENTS AFFECTING ERYTHROPOIESIS
Including, but not limited to:
-
1.1 Erythropoietin-Receptor Agonists, e.g.
- Darbepoetins (dEPO);
- Erythropoietins (EPO);
- EPO-based constructs [e.g. EPO-Fc, methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA)];
- EPO-mimetic agents and their constructs (e.g. CNTO-530, peginesatide).
-
1.2 Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activating agents, e.g.
- Cobalt;
- Daprodustat (GSK1278863);
- IOX2;
- Molidustat (BAY 85-3934);
- Roxadustat (FG-4592);
- Vadadustat (AKB-6548);
- Xenon.
-
1.3 GATA inhibitors, e.g.
- K-11706.
-
1.4 Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signalling inhibitors, e.g.
- Luspatercept;
- Sotatercept.
-
1.5 Innate repair receptor agonists, e.g.
- Asialo EPO;
- Carbamylated EPO (CEPO).
2. PEPTIDE HORMONES AND THEIR RELEASING FACTORS
- 2.1 Chorionic Gonadotrophin (CG) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and their releasing factors in males, e.g. Buserelin, deslorelin, gonadorelin, goserelin, leuprorelin, nafarelin and triptorelin.
- 2.2 Corticotrophins and their releasing factors, e.g. Corticorelin.
-
2.3 Growth Hormone (GH), its fragments and releasing factors, including, but not limited to:
- Growth Hormone fragments, e.g.AOD-9604 and hGH 176-191;
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and its analogues, e.g. CJC-1293, CJC-1295, sermorelin and tesamorelin;
- Growth Hormone Secretagogues (GHS), e.g. lenomorelin (ghrelin) and its mimetics, e.g. Anamorelin, ipamorelin, macimorelin and tabimorelin;
- GH-Releasing Peptides (GHRPs), e.g. alexamorelin, GHRP-1, GHRP-2 (pralmorelin), GHRP-3, GHRP-4, GHRP-5, GHRP-6, and examorelin (hexarelin).
3. GROWTH FACTORS AND GROWTH FACTOR MODULATORS
Including, but not limited to:
- Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs)
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)
- Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and its analogues
- Mechano Growth Factors (MGFs)
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
- Thymosin-β4 and its derivatives e.g. TB-500
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
and other growth factors or growth factor modulators affecting muscle, tendon or ligament protein synthesis/degradation, vascularisation, energy utilization, regenerative capacity or fibre type switching.
S3 BETA-2 AGONISTS
All prohibited substances in this class are Specified Substances.
All selective and non-selective beta-2 agonists, including all optical isomers, are prohibited.
Including, but not limited to:
- Arformoterol
- Fenoterol
- Formoterol
- Higenamine
- Indacaterol
- Levosalbutamol
- Olodaterol
- Procaterol
- Reproterol
- Salbutamol
- Salmeterol
- Terbutaline
- Tretoquinol (trimetoquinol)
- Tulobuterol
- Vilanterol
EXCEPTIONS
- Inhaled salbutamol: maximum 1600 micrograms over 24 hours in divided doses not to exceed 800 micrograms over 12 hours starting from any dose;
- Inhaled formoterol: maximum delivered dose of 54 micrograms over 24 hours;
- Inhaled salmeterol: maximum 200 micrograms over 24 hours.
- Inhaled vilanterol: maximum 25 micrograms over 24 hours.
NOTE
The presence in urine of salbutamol in excess of 1000 ng/mL or formoterol in excess of 40 ng/mL is not consistent with therapeutic use of the substance and will be considered as an Adverse Analytical Finding (AAF) unless the Athlete proves, through a controlled pharmacokinetic study, that the abnormal result was the consequence of a therapeutic dose (by inhalation) up to the maximum dose indicated above.
S4 HORMONE AND METABOLIC MODULATORS
Prohibited substances in classes S4.1 and S4.2 are Specified Substances.
Those in classes S4.3 and S4.4 are non-Specified Substances.
The following hormone and metabolic modulators are prohibited.
1. AROMATASE INHIBITORS
Including, but not limited to:
- 2-Androstenol (5α-androst-2-en-17-ol)
- 2-Androstenone (5α-androst-2-en-17-one)
- 3-Androstenol (5α-androst-3-en-17-ol)
- 3-Androstenone (5α-androst-3-en-17-one)
- 4-Androstene-3,6,17 trione (6-oxo)
- Aminoglutethimide
- Anastrozole
- Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione (androstatrienedione)
- Androsta-3,5-diene-7,17-dione (arimistane)
- Exemestane
- Formestane
- Letrozole
- Testolactone
2. ANTI-ESTROGENIC SUBSTANCES [ANTI-ESTROGENS AND SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS (SERMS)]
Including, but not limited to:
- Bazedoxifene
- Clomifene
- Cyclofenil
- Fulvestrant
- Ospemifene
- Raloxifene
- Tamoxifen
- Toremifene
3. AGENTS PREVENTING ACTIVIN RECEPTOR IIB ACTIVATION
Including, but not limited to:
- Activin A-neutralizing antibodies
- Activin receptor IIB competitors such as: Decoy activin receptors (e.g. ACE-031)
- Anti-activin receptor IIB antibodies (e.g. Bimagrumab)
- Myostatin inhibitors such as:
- Agents reducing or ablating myostatin expression
- Myostatin-binding proteins (e.g. follistatin, myostatin propeptide)
- Myostatin-neutralizing antibodies (e.g. domagrozumab, landogrozumab, stamulumab)
4. METABOLIC MODULATORS
- 4.1 Activators of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), e.g. AICAR, SR9009; and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) agonists, e.g. 2-(2-methyl-4-((4-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)thiazol-5-yl)methylthio)phenoxy) acetic acid (GW1516, GW501516);
- 4.2 Insulins and insulin-mimetics
- 4.3 Meldonium
- 4.4 Trimetazidine
S5 DIURETICS AND MASKING AGENTS
All prohibited substances in this class are Specified Substances.
The following diuretics and masking agents are prohibited, as are other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).
Including, but not limited to:
- Desmopressin; probenecid; plasma expanders, e.g. intravenous administration of albumin, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch and mannitol.
- Acetazolamide; amiloride; bumetanide; canrenone; chlortalidone; etacrynic acid; furosemide; indapamide; metolazone; spironolactone; thiazides, e.g. bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide; triamterene and vaptans, e.g. tolvaptan.
EXCEPTIONS
- Drospirenone; pamabrom; and topical ophthalmic administration of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g. dorzolamide, brinzolamide);
- Local administration of felypressin in dental anaesthesia.
NOTE
The detection in an Athlete’s Sample at all times or In-Competition, as applicable, of any quantity of the following substances subject to threshold limits: formoterol, salbutamol, cathine, ephedrine, methylephedrine and pseudoephedrine, in conjunction with a diuretic or masking agent, will be considered as an Adverse Analytical Finding (AAF) unless the Athlete has an approved Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) for that substance in addition to the one granted for the diuretic or masking agent.
PROHIBITED METHODS
All prohibited methods in this class are non-Specified except methods in M2.2. which are Specified Methods.
M1 MANIPULATION OF BLOOD AND BLOOD COMPONENTS
The following are prohibited:
- The Administration or reintroduction of any quantity of autologous, allogenic (homologous) or heterologous blood, or red blood cell products of any origin into the circulatory system.
-
Artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen.
Including, but not limited to:
Perfluorochemicals; efaproxiral (RSR13) and modified haemoglobin products, e.g. haemoglobin-based blood substitutes and microencapsulated haemoglobin products, excluding supplemental oxygen by inhalation. - Any form of intravascular manipulation of the blood or blood components by physical or chemical means.
M2 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MANIPULATION
The following are prohibited:
-
Tampering, or Attempting to Tamper, to alter the
integrity and validity of Samples collected during Doping Control.
Including, but not limited to:
Sample substitution and/or adulteration, e.g. addition of proteases to Sample. - Intravenous infusions and/or injections of more than a total of 100 mL per 12 hour period except for those legitimately received in the course of hospital treatments, surgical procedures or clinical diagnostic investigations.
M3 GENE AND CELL DOPING
The following, with the potential to enhance sport performance, are prohibited:
S6 STIMULANTS
All prohibited substances in this class are Specified Substances except those in S6.A, which are non-Specified Substances.
Substances of Abuse in this section: cocaine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA / “ecstasy”)
All stimulants, including all optical isomers, e.g. d- and l- where relevant, are prohibited.
Stimulants include:
A: NON-SPECIFIED STIMULANTS
- Adrafinil
- Amfepramone
- Amfetamine
- Amfetaminil
- Amiphenazole
- Benfluorex
- Benzylpiperazine
- Bromantan
- Clobenzorex
- Cocaine
- Cropropamide
- Crotetamide
- Fencamine
- Fenetylline
- Fenfluramine
- Fenproporex
- Fonturacetam [4-phenylpiracetam (carphedon)]
- Furfenorex
- Lisdexamfetamine
- Mefenorex
- Mephentermine
- Mesocarb
- Metamfetamine(d-)
- p-methylamfetamine
- Modafinil
- Norfenfluramine
- Phendimetrazine
- Phentermine
- Prenylamine
- Prolintane
A stimulant not expressly listed in this section is a Specified Substance.
B: SPECIFIED STIMULANTS
Including, but not limited to:
- 3-Methylhexan-2-amine (1,2-dimethylpentylamine)
- 4-Methylhexan-2-amine (methylhexaneamine)
- 4-Methylpentan-2-amine (1,3-dimethylbutylamine)
- 5-Methylhexan-2-amine (1,4-dimethylpentylamine)
- Benzfetamine
- Cathine**
- Cathinone and its analogues, e.g. mephedrone, methedrone, and α - pyrrolidinovalerophenone
- Dimetamfetamine (dimethylamphetamine)
- Ephedrine***
- Epinephrine**** (adrenaline)
- Etamivan
- Etilamfetamine
- Etilefrine
- Famprofazone
- Fenbutrazate
- Fencamfamin
- Heptaminol
- Hydroxyamfetamine (parahydroxyamphetamine)
- Isometheptene
- Levmetamfetamine
- Meclofenoxate
- Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
- Methylephedrine***
- Methylphenidate
- Nikethamide
- Norfenefrine
- Octodrine (1,5-dimethylhexylamine)
- Octopamine
- Oxilofrine (methylsynephrine)
- Pemoline
- Pentetrazol
- Phenethylamine and its derivatives
- Phenmetrazine
- Phenpromethamine
- Propylhexedrine
- Pseudoephedrine*****
- Selegiline
- Sibutramine
- Strychnine
- Tenamfetamine (methylenedioxyamphetamine)
- Tuaminoheptane
and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).
EXCEPTIONS
- Clonidine;
- Imidazole derivatives for dermatological, nasal or ophthalmic use (e.g. brimonidine, clonazoline, fenoxazoline, indanazoline, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, xylometazoline) and those stimulants included in the 2021 Monitoring Program*.
* Bupropion, caffeine, nicotine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pipradrol, and synephrine: These substances are included in the 2021 Monitoring Program, and are not considered Prohibited Substances.
** Cathine: Prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 5 micrograms per milliliter.
*** Ephedrine and methylephedrine: Prohibited when the concentration of either in urine is greater than 10 micrograms per milliliter
**** Epinephrine (adrenaline): Not prohibited in local administration, e.g. nasal, ophthalmologic, or co-administration with local anaesthetic agents.
***** Pseudoephedrine: Prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 150 micrograms per milliliter.
S7 NARCOTICS
All prohibited substances in this class are Specified Substances.
Substance of Abuse in this section: diamorphine (heroin)
The following narcotics, including all optical isomers, e.g. d- and l- where relevant, are prohibited:
- Buprenorphine
- Dextromoramide
- Diamorphine (heroin)
- Fentanyl and its derivatives
- Hydromorphone
- Methadone
- Morphine
- Nicomorphine
- Oxycodone
- Oxymorphone
- Pentazocine
- Pethidine
S8 CANNABINOIDS
All prohibited substances in this class are Specified Substances.
Substance of Abuse in this section: tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
All natural and synthetic cannabinoids are prohibited, e.g.
- In cannabis (hashish, marijuana) and cannabis products
- Natural and synthetic tetrahydrocannabinols (THCs)
- Synthetic cannabinoids that mimic the effects of THC
EXCEPTIONS
- Cannabidiol
S9 GLUCOCORTICOIDS
All prohibited substances in this class are Specified Substances.
All glucocorticoids are prohibited when administered by oral, intravenous, intramuscular or rectal routes.
Including but not limited to:
- Beclometasone
- Betamethasone
- Budesonide
- Ciclesonide
- Cortisone
- Deflazacort
- Dexamethasone
- Flucortolone
- Flunisolide
- Fluticasone
- Hydrocortisone
- Methylprednisolone
- Mometasone
- Prednisolone
- Prednisone
- Triamcinolone acetonide
P1 BETA-BLOCKERS
All prohibited substances in this class are Specified Substances.
Beta-blockers are prohibited In-Competition only, in the following sports, and also prohibited Out-of-Competition where indicated (*) .
- Archery (WA)*
- Automobile (FIA)
- Billiards (all disciplines) (WCBS)
- Darts (WDF)
- Golf (IGF)
- Shooting (ISSF, IPC)*
- Skiing/Snowboarding (FIS) in ski jumping, freestyle aerials/halfpipe and snowboard halfpipe/big air
- Underwater sports (CMAS) in constant-weight apnoea with or without fins, dynamic apnoea with and without fins, free immersion apnoea, Jump Blue apnoea, spearfishing, static apnoea, target shooting, and variable weight apnoea
* Also prohibited Out-of-Competition
Including, but not limited to:
- Acebutolol
- Alprenolol
- Atenolol
- Betaxolol
- Bisoprolol
- Bunolol
- Carteolol
- Carvedilol
- Celiprolol
- Esmolol
- Labetalol
- Metipranolol
- Metoprolol
- Nadolol
- Nebivolol
- Oxprenolol
- Pindolol
- Propranolol
- Sotalol
- Timolol